Sigiriya or Lion Rock is a site of historical and archaeological importance dominated by a massive rock column approximately 180 meters (590 feet) high. According to ancient Sri Lankan chronicles, this area was once a vast forest, which later became a hill after storms and landslides. King Kasyapa (477-495 AD) chose the area for his new capital. He built his palace on top of this rock and decorated its sides with colorful murals. On a small plateau about halfway up this rock, he built a gate in the form of a huge lion. Therefore, it is said in legends that the name Sigiriya is attached to this place.
After the king's death, the capital and royal palace were abandoned. It was later used as a Buddhist monastery until the 14th century. Today, Sigiriya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is one of the best-preserved examples of ancient urban planning. The fort has been in danger of destruction for some time due to the forest. This place has been discovered according to the information preserved in the Buddhist scriptures in the early years. It's amazing buildings and frescoes were later rediscovered by British historians in the 19th century.
Sigiriya, located on a rocky plateau high above the forests of central Sri Lanka, was first built by King Kasyapa in the fifth century AD, and the meaning of "Lion Rock" is mentioned in other ancient inscriptions. In 1982, it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The fort served as the capital of the Sinhalese Kingdom until King Kasyapa was defeated in 495 AD. Cities like Polonnaruwa were used as capitals after Sigiriya. However, by the 12th century, the overall rule of Sri Lanka was gradually weakening. The Sinhalese power retreated towards the south-west of the island, abandoning the Rajarata areas, and the old administrative centers, including Sigiriya, began to fall into disuse.
British archaeological explorers reached the top of Sigiriya in 1851, but the task of surveying the site was left to the then Archaeological Commissioner Harry C.P. Under the survey of Mr. Bell. Until the end of the 19th century, all studies were carried out on his initiative. Mr. Bell has painstakingly described this beautiful creation to Forbes magazine. In addition to the elaborate water gardens at the base of the cliff, Bell's survey also drew attention to features in the rock face. These can be demonstrated as the most valuable objects of Sri Lanka's artistic heritage.
Article by- Hasindu Weerasena.
